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Computer Programs for Research
Tropy: An open source program for organizing images from archives or elsewhere: https://tropy.org/
- Tropy user guide
- Tropy PowerPoint (includes information on Zotero, https://www.zotero.org/ )
Zotero: An open source data management system that organizes citations for bibliographies and footnotes: https://www.zotero.org/
PivotTables in Excel: See this explanation: https://dhworkshop.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/pivottable-in-excel.docx
Flourish: An open-source website that allows users to visualize data through graphs and maps: https://app.flourish.studio/projects
- Flourish PowerPoint
- Flourish user guide for mapping
- https://graphcommons.com/
- GraphCommons PowerPoint. Note that the PowerPoint begin after the Flourish PowerPoint.
- Download this Excel file. Upload it to GraphComm
GraphCommons: An open-source website that allows users to visualize data through of networks: https://graphcommons.com/
- GraphCommons PowerPoint. Note that the PowerPoint begin after the Flourish PowerPoint.
WordPress: a website hosting service. I used WordPress for this site. There are many other website hosting services out there. Unless you have access to one through your university, you will likely have to pay an annual service fee and will certainly have to pay annually for the URL.
Digital Projects and E-journals:
China Bibliographic Database Project
Enslaved: Peoples of the Historical Slave Trade, also known as Enslaved.org
Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences (FJHSS)
Journal of Slavery and Data Preservation
Legacy of British Slave Ownership
Slave Societies Digital Archive
Voyage of the Slave Ship Sally
Articles:
Blaney, Jonathan, “Introduciton to the Principles of Linked Open Data,” Programming Historian 6 (2017): https://doi.org/10.46430/phen0068
Elits, David. “The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Database: Origins, Development, Content.” Journal of Slavery and Data Preservation 2, no. 3 (2021): 1-8. https://doi.org/10.25971/R9H6-QX59.
Fuller, Michael and Hongsu Wang. “Structuring, Recording, and Analyzing Historical Networks in the China Biographical Database,” Journal of Historical Network Research 5 (2021): 248 – 27. See pdf here.
Hall, Gwendolyn Midlo. “Africa and Africans in the African Diaspora: The Uses of Relational Databases,” American Historical Review 115, no. 1 (February 2010): 136–150. See pdf here.
Hawthorne, Walter, “From “Black Rice” to ‘Brown’: Rethinking the History of Risiculture in the Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-Century Atlantic,” The American Historical Review 115, 1 (February 2010), 151-163. See pdf here.
Hawthorne, Walter. “Descendants and Ethical Considerations when Documenting the Names of
Enslaved People in Datasets on the Internet.” DHQ: Digital Humanities Quarterly 19, 1 (2025): https://www.digitalhumanities.org/dhq/vol/19/1/000778/000778.html
Hawthorne, Walter, Heather Bollinger, Lorenzo Duran Charris, and Bailey Griffin. “Death among the Enslaved and Free in Fairfax County, Virginia, 1853-1869.” Journal of Slavery and Data Preservation 5, no. 1 (2024): 28-35. https://doi.org/10.25971/905z-9w78.
Hawthorne, Walter. “Maranhão Inventories Slave Database, 1767-1831.” Journal of Slavery and Data Preservation 1, no. 1 (2020): 9-15. https://doi.org/10.25335/wph8-v295.
Hawthorne, Walter. “New Data Historians and the Study of Slavery in Vast Early America.” The William and Mary Quarterly, vol. 81 no. 2 (2024): p. 309-318. Project MUSE, https://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wmq.2024.a925933. Also see pdf here.
Johnson, Jessica Marie. “Markup Bodies: Black [Life] Studies and Slavery [Death] Studies at the Digital Crossroads”, Social Text, 36, no. 4 (2018): 57-79, https://freedom-seekers.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Johnson.Jessica_MarkupBodies_SocialText.pdf. Also see pdf here.
Leon, Sharon M. “The Peril and Promise of Historians as Data Creators: Perspectives, Structure, and the Problem of Representation,” (November 24, 2019) http://www.6floors.org/bracket/2019/11/24/the-peril-and-promise-of-historians-as-data-creators-perspective-structure-and-the-problem-of-representation/
Mahony, S. “Cultural Diversity and the Digital Humanities.” Fudan J. Hum. Soc. Sci. 11, 371–388 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40647-018-0216-0 . Also see pdf here.
McManus, Stuart M. “Multiethnic Slavery and the African Diaspora in Macau: The Search for the Geographic Limits of Vast Early America.” The William and Mary Quarterly 81, 2 (2024): 395-430. doi:10.1353/wmq.2024.a925935 . See pdf here.
McManus, Stuart M. “Slavery, Freedom, and Intermediate Statuses in Macau: Arquivo Diocesano de Macau, Freguesia de São Lourenço, Batismos 1741-1776.” Journal of Slavery and Data Preservation 5, no. 2 (2024): 31-35. https://doi.org/10.25971/bbd5-de23.
McManus, Stuart M. Dataset of enslaved people in Macau. Download here: https://dataverse.harvard.edu/dataset.xhtml?persistentId=doi:10.7910/DVN/BIQMFF
Putnam, Lara. “The Transnational and the Text-Searchable: Digitized Sources and the Shadows They Cast.” The American Historical Review 121, 2 (2016): 377–402. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43955768. See pdf here.
Wang, Xiaoguang, et al. “The Evolution of Digital Humanities in China.” Library Trends, vol. 69 no. 1, (2020), p. 7-29. Project MUSE, https://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lib.2020.0029. Also see pdf here.
Wickham, H. Tidy Data. Journal of Statistical Software 59, no. 10 (2014). 1–23. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v059.i10
Wyatt, D.J. “Eastward across the Western Sea: The Indian Oceanic Trafficking of Africans into China.” Itinerario. 2023;47(3):297-310. doi:10.1017/S016511532300027X , See pdf here.
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